Sometimes it is useful to write an integer as a string. And, conversely, if a string consists of numbers, then it is useful to represent this string as a number so that you can then perform arithmetic operations with it. For this purpose, functions of the same name as the type name are used, that is, int, float, str. For example, int('123') will return the integer 123, and str(123) will return the string '123'.
Example:
>>> str(2 + 2) * int('2' + '2')
'4444444444444444444444'
The result will be the string number 4 repeated 22 times.